We discuss how race, housing segregation, and discrimination over the last century have affected how blacks and POC live and how it can and has affected health.

 

Social Determinants of Health:

https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/index.htm

1936 FHA Underwriting Manual Excerpts:

https://ontheline.trincoll.edu/images/1936-fha-manual-226.pdf

1938 FHA Underwriting Manual

(Use find/search function and type “racial” and/or “Inharmonious”):

https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Federal-Housing-Administration-Underwriting-Manual.pdf

The Color of Law (Excellent book worth reading):

https://www.epi.org/publication/the-color-of-law-a-forgotten-history-of-how-our-government-segregated-america/

Article: You Can’t Live Here:  The Enduring Impacts of Restrictive Covenants

(READ: How realtors contributed to housing discrimination in the early and mid 20th century)

https://www.nar.realtor/sites/default/files/documents/2018-February-Fair-Housing-Story.pdf

Sample Restrictive Covenant:

https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/Innis%20Arden.htm

Interactive Redlining maps from 1930's:

https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=5/39.1/-94.58

Housing Statistics:

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release/tables?rid=296&eid=784188#snid=784198

Health Statistics May 2020:

https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/race/reports/2020/05/07/484742/health-disparities-race-ethnicity/

Article on association between discrimination and high blood pressure:

https://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2020/07/lifetime-discrimination-linked-to-increased-risk-of-high-blood-pressure-among-african-americans/

Research by American Heart Association on association between discrimination and high blood pressure

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14492

Asthma, kids and the neighborhood:

https://www.ajmc.com/view/princeton-study-being-black-doesnt-cause-asthma-the-neighborhood-does